GUI basics with Python's Tkinter. Create windows, use widgets (Label, Button, Entry), manage layouts (pack, grid), handle events, and get user input.

Understand web APIs (REST, HTTP). Use Python's requests library to make GET/POST requests, handle responses (status codes, JSON), pass parameters, and send data

Learn to read/write CSV files using Python's csv module (reader/writer, DictReader/Writer) and handle JSON data with the json module (load/dump, loads/dumps).

Concise list creation with list comprehensions and memory-efficient iteration with generator expressions. Conditionals and nesting, e dict/set comprehensions.

Work with dates and times using Python's datetime module. Learn about date, time, datetime, timedelta objects, formatting (strftime), and parsing (strptime).

Explore the pytest framework. Write simple test functions using assert, utilize fixtures (@pytest.fixture), parameterize tests (@pytest.mark.parametrize).

Learn unit testing in Python using the built-in unittest module. Structure tests with TestCase, write test methods (test_), use assertions, and run tests.

Resource management using Python's with statement and context managers. Learn __enter__/__exit__ protocol and create custom managers via classes or contextlib.

Learn Python decorators (@) to modify functions. Understand first-class functions, closures, wrapper functions, use functools.wraps for metadata preservation.

Python's iteration protocol (__iter__, __next__). Learn about iterables vs iterators, how for loops work, and create memory-efficient generators using yield.